Openstep Installation Management
To conclude this review of OpenStep, we've added a few chapters that examine specific issues related to developing applications. The goal is to show how OpenStep fares in such areas as project management, debugging, and performance. This should give you some idea of its particular strengths and weaknesses in.
Okay, OPENSTEP 4.2 is the best pre-Mac OS X operating systems you can use (and the best of the series for Intel compatible systems). This is even better than Rhapsody because of the number of apps and their prices (which are now almost all free!). First thing to do is to get your system ready for the 21st century. By adding some patches: and. Now we need apps! OmniWeb 3: What can I say, it's OmniWeb (and here is OmniPDF also, but that would not be my PDF viewer of choice).,,, and TIFFany 2.4: Much like TIFFany 3.0 with one very important difference. This one is free now!
You can get your free license Geomview: (from the readme) Geomview is an interactive geometry viewing program. OOGL, which stands for Object Oriented Graphics Library, is the library upon which Geomview is built.,, and the PDFView 2.1: Much better than OmniPDF in reading PDF docs, it can handle any PDF that Acrobat 3 can. Chronographer: Great organizer! You can read more about it and download it from Lighthouse Design: (as described on Peak.org, license strings can be found ) OpenWrite: OpenWrite is a full-featured and easy to use word processor for OpenStep.
From technical reports and memos, to book documents and even World Wide Web pages, OpenWrite provides everyday users with a first-rate solution. Concurrence: Concurrence is the premiere presentation program for OpenStep. With an intuitive interface and powerful feature set, Concurrence provides users with all of the tools they need to create polished business and technical presentations--from 35mm slides and overheads to viewgraphs and web-based briefings. Diagram!: Diagram!
Is OpenStep's leading drawing application for business and technical professionals. Download Zipman Untuk Hp Java. S rich feature set and easy-to-use drawing palettes make it ideal for a wide variety of general-purpose drawings--from basic organization charts to business process models (BPR), brainstorm drawings to object-oriented/CASE graphics and database design.
ParaSheet: ParaSheet is a full-featured traditional spreadsheet for OpenStep. Combining a familiar spreadsheet interface with a powerful macro language and graphics engine, ParaSheet is the ultimate solution for all of your day-to-day financial analysis and accounting needs. Quantrix:Quantrix is a multi-dimensional spreadsheet and analytical framework for OpenStep applications.
For enterprises driven by spreadsheets--from budgets and forecasts to custom applications based on spreadsheet views and charts--Quantrix offers a significant competitive edge. EquationBuilder: EquationBuilder is an innovative technical equation editor for OpenStep. EquationBuilder simplifies the chores normally associated with visualizing and editing complex equations, providing technical and business professionals with a fast, easy-to-use tool for building equations. TaskMaster: TaskMaster is a comprehensive management tool designed to facilitate project and resource management in OpenStep) enterprises. Day-to-day users, high-level managers and developers will appreciate the ease with which they can efficiently summarize, analyze, manage and track their ongoing projects. AirMail: AirMail is a full-featured NEXTSTEP- and OpenStep-based client for Hewlett Packard's OpenMail, the server-based enterprise messaging standard.
With AirMail, IT managers using OpenMail to build a more robust and cost-effective messaging infrastructure can extend these benefits to client systems running NEXTSTEP and OpenStep.(NOTE: If you don't have an HP OpenMail server installed and running, this application will not run.) WetPaint: WetPaint is a powerful, general-purpose paint and image manipulation program for OpenStep. With an extensive (and extensible) collection of paint tools and filters, WetPaint is ideal for users who want to add stunning graphical effects to their presentations, custom user interfaces, or general design and desktop publishing documents. VarioBuilder: Custom database designs are created with VarioBuilder, the VarioData database builder.
No knowledge of programming is required to create database forms--simply drag and drop text, time, and currency fields, along with a variety of standard OpenStep interface elements onto a data canvas. All the familiar choices, from pop-up lists, buttons and check boxes, to file and image wells, are available for speeding data entry. VarioData: VarioData is the first multi-user flatfile database to offer a simple point and click interface to workgroup data management. VarioData is ideal for customer databases, departmental inventories and bug tracking, and provides an intuitive interface to building mixed-media workgroup databases. JavaPlan: JavaPlan is an object oriented analysis and design (OOA&D) tool designed specifically for enterprises developing Java and Objective-C based applications. JavaPlan expedites the delivery and increases the quality of large-scale object-based custom applications. These are the ones I can think of off hand, if I remember any that I have forgotten, I'll post them.
OpenStep, Initial release 1994; 23 years ago ( 1994) Development status Subsumed into Written in;; operating systems with the kernel,, Available in English Website OpenStep is an (API) specification for a legacy, with the basic goal of offering a -like environment on a non-NeXTSTEP operating system. OpenStep was principally developed by with, to allow NeXTSTEP (like) development on Sun's operating systems, specifically. NeXT produced a version of OpenStep for their own -based, known as OPENSTEP (all capitalized), as well as a version that ran on. The that shipped with OPENSTEP are a superset of the original OpenStep specification, including many features from the original NeXTSTEP. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • History [ ] The OpenStep API was created as the result of a 1993 collaboration between and, allowing this cut-down version of the NeXTSTEP object layers to be run on Sun's Solaris operating system (more specifically, Solaris on -based hardware). Most of the OpenStep effort was to strip away those portions of NeXTSTEP that depended on Mach or NeXT-specific hardware being present.
This resulted in a smaller system that consisted primarily of, the runtime and compilers, and the majority of the NeXTSTEP Objective-C libraries. Not included was the basic operating system, or the lower-level display system. The first draft of the API was published by NeXT in summer 1994. Later that year they released an OpenStep compliant version of NeXTSTEP as OPENSTEP, supported on several of their platforms as well as Sun SPARC systems.
The official OpenStep API, published in September 1994, was the first to split the API between Foundation and Application Kit and the first to use the 'NS' prefix. Early versions of NeXTSTEP used an 'NX' prefix and contained only the Application Kit, relying on standard Unix types for low-level data structures. OPENSTEP remained NeXT's primary operating system product until they were purchased by in 1996. OPENSTEP was then combined with technologies from the existing to produce.
And 's is also a descendant of OPENSTEP, but targeted at touch devices. Sun originally adopted the OpenStep environment with the intent of complementing Sun's -compliant object system, (formerly known as Project DOE), by providing an object-oriented user interface toolkit to complement the object-oriented CORBA plumbing. The port involved integrating the OpenStep AppKit with the Display PostScript layer of the Sun server, making the AppKit tolerant of multi-threaded code (as Project DOE was inherently heavily multi-threaded), implementing a Solaris daemon to simulate the behavior of Mach ports, extending the SunPro C++ compiler to support using NeXT's ObjC runtime, writing an X11 to implement the NeXTSTEP look and feel as much as possible, and integrating the NeXT development tools, such as Project Manager and Interface Builder, with the SunPro compiler.
In order to provide a complete end-user environment, Sun also ported the NeXTSTEP-3.3 versions of several end-user applications, including Mail.app, Preview.app, Edit.app, Workspace Manager, and the. The OpenStep and CORBA parts of the products were later split, and NEO was released in late 1995 without the OpenStep environment. In March 1996, Sun announced Joe, a product to integrate NEO with. Sun shipped a beta release of the OpenStep environment for Solaris on July 22, 1996, and made it freely available for download in August 1996 for non-commercial use, and for sale in September 1996. OpenStep/Solaris was shipped only for the SPARC architecture. Description [ ] The API OpenStep contrasts with the earlier NeXTSTEP primarily in five ways: • OpenStep describes only the upper-level libraries and services (like ), whereas NeXTSTEP referred to both these libraries and the operating system as well. • Any code depending entirely on the was removed, so that OpenStep could be run on top of any reasonably powerful operating system.
• A significant amount of effort was put into making the system '-free', an issue NeXT had already faced during a port of NeXTSTEP to the platform. • Low-level objects such as strings were represented with C data types in NeXTSTEP, whereas in OpenStep a number of new classes (NSString, NSNumber, etc.) were introduced to support endian-conversion as well as provide added functionality and become platform-independent. This had ripple-effects throughout the API, mostly for the better. This set of classes (a framework) was called the, or just Foundation for short.
• OpenStep uses to manage memory and object lifetimes, and provides Autorelease Pools as a form of automatic memory management. NeXTSTEP does not provide reference counted memory management. The API specification itself is composed of the two main sets of object-oriented classes: the and graphics front-end known as the, and the aforementioned Foundation Kit. However, OpenStep also specified the use of Display PostScript, a versatile and powerful -based method of drawing windows and graphics on screen.
NeXT, with its devotion to implementing object-oriented solutions, supplied pswraps for interfacing C code to Display PostScript. Capcom Vs Tatsunoko Iso Wii Downloads there. Pswraps acted in an encapsulative way similar to, and was somewhat object oriented. The Application Kit, Foundation, and Display PostScript comprise the three key technologies in the OpenStep specification; many of the specific calls in the API were available in NeXTSTEP as well, but many were modified or re-packaged for OpenStep. Building on OpenStep [ ] The standardization on OpenStep also allowed for the creation of several new library packages that were delivered on the OPENSTEP platform. Unlike the operating system as a whole, these packages were designed to run on practically any operating system.
The idea was to use OpenStep code as a basis for network-wide applications running across different platforms, as opposed to using or some other system. Primary among these packages was (PDO). PDO was essentially an even more 'stripped down' version of OpenStep containing only the Foundation Kit technologies, combined with new libraries to provide with very little code. Unlike OpenStep, which defined an operating system that applications would run in, under PDO the libraries were compiled into the application itself, creating a stand-alone 'native' application for a particular platform.
PDO was small enough to be easily portable, and versions were released for all major server vendors. In the mid-1990s, NeXT staff took to writing in solutions to various CORBA magazine articles in a few lines of code, whereas the original article would fill several pages.
Even though using PDO required the installation of a considerable amount of supporting code (Objective-C and the libraries), PDO applications were nevertheless considerably smaller than similar CORBA solutions, typically about one-half to one-third the size. The similar D'OLE provided the same types of services, but presented the resulting objects as objects, with the goal of allowing programmers to create COM services running on high-powered platforms, called from applications. For instance one could develop a high-powered financial modeling application using D'OLE, and then call it directly from within. When D'OLE was first released, OLE by itself only communicated between applications running on a single machine.
PDO enabled NeXT to demonstrate Excel talking to other Microsoft applications across a network before Microsoft themselves were able to implement this functionality (DCOM). Another package developed on OpenStep was (EOF), a tremendously powerful (for the time) product. EOF became very popular in the enterprise market, notably in the financial sector where OPENSTEP caused something of a minor revolution. [ ] Implementations [ ] OPENSTEP for Mach [ ] NeXT's first operating system was, a sophisticated Mach-UNIX based operating system that originally ran only on NeXT's -based workstations and that was then ported to run on -based, -based workstations from, and -based workstations from. NeXT completed an implementation of OpenStep on their existing Mach-based OS and called it OPENSTEP for Mach 4.0 (July, 1996), 4.1 (December, 1996), and 4.2 (January, 1997). It was, for all intents, NeXTSTEP 4.0, and still retained flagship NeXTSTEP technologies (such as, UNIX underpinnings, user interface characteristics like the and, and so on), and retained the classic NeXTSTEP user interface and styles.
OPENSTEP for Mach was further improved, in comparison to NeXTSTEP 3.3, with vastly improved driver support – however the environment to actually write drivers was changed with the introduction of the object-oriented DriverKit. OPENSTEP for Mach supported Intel x86-based PC's, Sun's SPARC workstations, and NeXT's own 68k-based architectures, while the HP PA-RISC version was dropped.
These versions continued to run on the underlying Mach-based OS used in NeXTSTEP. OPENSTEP for Mach became NeXT's primary OS from 1995 on, and was used mainly on the Intel platform. In addition to being a complete OpenStep implementation, the system was delivered with a complete set of NeXTSTEP libraries for backward compatibility. This was an easy thing to do in OpenStep due to library versioning, and OPENSTEP did not suffer in bloat because of it. Solaris OpenStep [ ] In addition to the OPENSTEP for Mach port for SPARC, Sun and NeXT developed an OpenStep compliant set of frameworks to run on Sun's operating system. After developing Solaris OpenStep, Sun lost interest in OpenStep and shifted its attention toward Java.
As a virtual machine development environment, Java served as a direct competitor to OpenStep. OPENSTEP Enterprise [ ] NeXT also delivered an implementation running on top of called OPENSTEP Enterprise (often abbreviated OSE). This was an unintentional demonstration on the true nature of the portability of programs created under the OpenStep specification. Programs for OPENSTEP for Mach could be ported to OSE with little difficulty.
This allowed their existing customer base to continue using their tools and applications, but running them on Windows, to which many of them were in the process of switching. Never a clean match from the UI perspective, probably due to OPENSTEP's routing of window graphics through the Display Postscript server—which was also ported to Windows—OSE nevertheless managed to work fairly well and extended OpenStep's commercial lifespan. OPENSTEP and OSE had two revisions (and one major one that was never released) before NeXT was purchased by Apple in 1997. Rhapsody, Mac OS X Server 1.0 [ ]. Main articles:,, and After acquiring NeXT, Apple intended to ship as a reworked version of OPENSTEP for Mach for both the Mac and standard PCs. Rhapsody was OPENSTEP for Mach with a appearance from and support for Java and Apple's own technologies, including and; it could be regarded as OPENSTEP 5. Two developer versions of Rhapsody were released, known as Developer Preview 1 and 2; these ran on a limited subset of both Intel and PowerPC hardware.
Was the first commercial release of this operating system, and was delivered exclusively for PowerPC Mac hardware. Darwin, Mac OS X 10.0 and later [ ]. Main articles: and After replacing the Display Postscript WindowServer with, and responding to developers by including better backward compatibility for classic Mac OS applications through the addition of, Apple released and, starting at version 10.0; Mac OS X is now named macOS. MacOS's primary programming environment is essentially OpenStep (with certain additions such as XML property lists and URL classes for Internet connections) with macOS ports of the development libraries and tools, now called. MacOS has since become the single most popular desktop Unix-like operating system in the world, although macOS is no longer an OpenStep compliant operating system. [ ] GNUstep [ ]. Main article: GNUstep, a implementation of the libraries, began at the time of NeXTSTEP, predating OPENSTEP.
While OPENSTEP and OSE were purchased by Apple, who effectively ended the commercial development of implementing OpenStep for other platforms, GNUstep is an ongoing open source project aiming to create a portable, implementation of the Cocoa/OPENSTEP libraries. GNUstep also features a fully functional development environment, reimplementations of some of the newer innovations from macOS's framework, as well as its own extensions to the API. See also [ ] • References [ ].